Source: Produced by incomplete combustion in automobile engines, especially during vehicle startup, idling, and low-speed driving.
Hazards: Colorless and odorless, it has a strong binding capacity to hemoglobin, leading to hypoxia, headaches, coma, and even death. It is the most significant safety threat in parking lots.
Source: Produced by high-temperature combustion in automobile engines.
Hazards: NO2 and other compounds are irritating and can damage the respiratory tract; long-term exposure increases the risk of illness. It is also a precursor to photochemical smog.
Source: Gasoline evaporation and exhaust emissions.
Hazards: Some are toxic and carcinogenic (e.g., benzene), and are important precursors to ozone and fine particulate matter.
Sources: Possible minor leaks from CNG vehicles, gasoline vapor accumulation.
Hazards: When concentrations reach the lower explosive limit, they may explode upon contact with an open flame or electrical spark, posing a significant safety hazard.
Sources: Main component of vehicle exhaust, human respiration.
Hazards: High concentrations of CO2 (> 1000 ppm) can cause stuffiness, fatigue, and decreased concentration; it is an indirect indicator of air freshness and ventilation efficiency.
Sources: Possible minor leaks from CNG vehicles, gasoline vapor accumulation.
Hazards: When concentrations reach the lower explosive limit, they may explode upon contact with an open flame or electrical spark, posing a significant safety hazard.
Location: Evenly distributed below the parking lot ceiling (areas where gases tend to accumulate), especially entrance/exit ramps, driveways, densely parked areas, and corners away from ventilation openings.
Function:CO Concentration Monitoring: Real-time monitoring of CO concentration (typically set with low alarm values such as 35 ppm and high alarm values such as 100 ppm). When the concentration reaches the preset threshold, the exhaust fan automatically starts/accelerates for forced ventilation.
After the concentration decreases, the fan speed automatically decreases or shuts down, achieving energy-saving and intelligent operation. This is the greatest value of electrochemical sensors in parking lots.
Location: Deployed in conjunction with ventilation system sensors; independent display alarm terminals can also be installed in duty rooms, staff rest rooms, and elevator lobbies.
Function: Provides audible and visual alarms to alert management personnel and vehicle owners to potential dangers. Data can be uploaded to a central monitoring platform or property management system for remote monitoring.
Location: Charging pile areas (especially underground): Monitoring hydrogen (H2) (for fuel cell vehicles) and combustible gases to prevent leaks and accumulation that could lead to risks. Electrochemical hydrogen sensors are used here.
CNG/LNG vehicle parking areas: Focused monitoring of methane (CH2). While catalytic combustion sensors are more commonly used for explosion detection, infrared or laser sensors are also used in specific situations; electrochemical sensors are not the mainstream for methane monitoring. Garbage rooms and equipment rooms: monitor for potentially generated hydrogen sulfide (H2S) or ammonia (NH2).
Location: Representative locations in key parking spaces.
Function: Monitor CO2 and TVOC (Total Volatile Organic Compounds) concentrations to assess overall air quality. Data is used to optimize ventilation strategies, maximizing energy savings while ensuring safety. Provides indoor environmental quality data support for green building certifications (such as LEED and BREEAM).
